Padding strings
When we want a short string to be a certain number of characters long, we can “pad” it with other characters on the left or right side. Spaces are common for this, but we can pad with any character.
// we can pad a string from the front with .padStart()
'1'.padStart(5, ' ') // ⇒ ' 1'
'12'.padStart(5, ' ') // ⇒ ' 12'
'123'.padStart(5, ' ') // ⇒ ' 123'
'1234'.padStart(5, ' ') // ⇒ ' 1234'
'12345'.padStart(5, ' ') // ⇒ '12345'
// we can pad from the end with .padEnd()
'1'.padEnd(5, ' ') // ⇒ '1 '
'12'.padEnd(5, ' ') // ⇒ '12 '
'123'.padEnd(5, ' ') // ⇒ '123 '
'1234'.padEnd(5, ' ') // ⇒ '1234 '
'12345'.padEnd(5, ' ') // ⇒ '12345'
// strings that are longer than the minimum don’t get padded
'123456'.padStart(5, ' ') // ⇒ '123456'
// we can use other characters to pad the string with
'6310'.padStart(16, '*') // ⇒ '************6310'
// the string to pad with is truncated when the expected length is reached
'hello'.padEnd(9, ' world') // ⇒ 'hello wor'